CONDITIONAL CENTENCE

In grammar, conditional sentences are sentences discussing the implications of factual or hypothetical situations and their consequences. Language use different conditional constructions and verb forms (such as the conditional mood) to form the kinds of sentences.

Full conditional sentence contains two clauses: the condition or protasis, and the consequences or take you out.

If rainy] conditions [, (then) picnic will be canceled] consequences [.

Syntactic, this condition subordinate clause, and consequently is the main clause. However, the nature of the whole sentence is primarily determined by the nature of the protasis (condition) (tense and degrees factualness).

Conditional sentences in English

Conditional sentences in English can be divided into two broad classes factual / predictive and hypothetical (counterfactual), depending on the form of a verb in the condition (protasis). The term "factual" and "counterfactual" broadly in accordance with linguistic modality called realists and irrealis.
Factual / predictive condition

In construction, the clause expressing the condition that the truth condition has not been verified. Verb in the clause condition in the past tense (with the interpretation of the past) or in the present tense (with the interpretation of present or future tense). Clause may result in the past, present, or future. Generally, a conditional sentence of this group are in two groups, the "zero conditional" and, conditions or indications of potential is often called "first conditional" or "conditional one." This class includes a universal statement (the second clause in the present, or two clauses in the past) and predictions.

The "zero" is formed with a second conditional clause in the present tense. Construction is similar across many languages. It is used to express a certainty, a universal statement, a law of science, etc.:



If you heat water to 100 degrees celsius, it boils.
If you do not eat for a long time, you changed from hungry.
If the sea is stormy, the waves are high.


This is different from true since the introduction of the conditional "if" can be replaced with "when" or "when" (eg, "When you heat water ..."), that can not be done for true conditionals.

The conditional or indicative potential, often referred to as the "first" conditional "or" conditional one, used more generally to express a hypothetical condition that potentially true, but it has not been verified. Conditional clauses in the present tense or the past and refers to the situation or event in the past. The results can be in the past, present, or future. Some examples of past conditions of the clause:



That If She took flight yesterday, She arrived at 10pm.
That If She took flight yesterday, She is somewhere in town today.
That If She took flight yesterday, Tomorrow We'll see her.



A condition clause (protasis) in the present tense refers to events in the future, a current events that may be true or untrue, or an event which could be verified in the future. The results can be in the past, present, or future:



If it's raining here now, then it was raining on the West Coast this morning.
If it's raining now, then your laundry is getting wet.
If it's raining now, There Will Be mushrooms to pick next week.

If it Rains this afternoon, then yesterday's weather forecast was wrong.
If it Rains this afternoon, your garden party is Doomed.
If it Rains this afternoon, everybody will of stay home.

If I Become President, I'll lower taxes.


Some of the auxiliaries (mainly be, maybe, maybe, and work) are usually not used in the condition clause (protasis) in English:



* If it will of rain this afternoon, ...
* If it May have rained yesterday, ...


There are exceptions, however, to be used exactly as in the first instance, namely when the action takes place if the clause after the main clause:



(The weather forecast says it's going to rain.) Well, if it will from rain, We must take Umbrellas.
If aspirins will of cure it, I'll [I Will] take a couple tonight instead of this horrible medicine. [1]



Other situations where it will be used in the if clause including when not used as auxiliary verbs, in other words when being used modally to express willingness, persistence, or willingness:



If you'll [you will from] just hold the door open for me a moment, I can take this out to the kitchen table.
Hi will from the keep all the windows shut, of course you'll get headaches.
Hi, The will of excuse me, I think I Will slip into something more comfortable. [2] [3]


In everyday English, this is important sometimes used to form a conditional sentence: eg "Go to the east one mile and you'll see" means "if you go to the east for a mile, you'll see it."
Hypothesis (counterfactual) condition

In construction, the condition clause stating that the conditions to be false, or presented as impossible. Result clause contains a conditional verb form would consist of (or could, should, probably) plus the main verb in base form (infinitive without to).

Now contrary-to-fact conditional, often referred to as "the" second conditional "or" conditional second, is used to refer to current conditions or events, known as false or impossible. The subjunctively past (or in the English language daily, enough of the past tense) should be used:



If She Were [colloq. was] at work today, She would know how to deal with this client.
If I Were [colloq. was] the king, I Could Have you thrown in the dungeon.


The same structure can be used to refer to a future situation or event:



If I won the lottery, I would buy a car.
If he said that to me, I would run away.


In many cases, when referring to future events, the difference between a realist and very few conditional irrealis:



(Realist) If you leave now, you cans still catch your train.
(Irrealis) If you left now, Could you still catch your train.


Contrary-to-fact past conditional (sometimes referred to as the "third" conditional, conditional 3) is used to refer to facts to the contrary-to-past events. The pluperfect (or past perfect) is used in the condition clause.



Hi, Had Called me, I would have come.
Hi, Had done your job properly, We Would not be in this mess now.



Some varieties regularly use the English language will (often abbreviated as (I) 'd) and will (often abbreviated as (I)' d have) the counterfactual condition clause, but this is often considered non-standard: If you are going to leave now, You'll be on time. (2 conditional) / If you (will ve) 'told me, we can do something about it .. (3 conditional) use of such will be widespread, especially in the U.S. speak English in all sectors of society., But the forms are not usually used in more formal writing. However, some reliable source only label this as an acceptable use of the UK and U.S. labels are no longer as the day-to-day. [4] [5]

There are exceptions, however, where it will be used in British English as well in conditions that seem counterfactual, but this can usually be interpreted as the use of capital would be: If you want to listen to me once in a while, you might learn something. (2 conditional) [6] [7] In cases where the action takes place if the clause after the main clause, use will be in this condition is considered counterfactual is true in standard usage and even formal English and U.S. usage. : If you will make him happy, I [I] will give him money. [8]

Should the condition may appear in the clause to refer to future events are presented as possible, but unlikely, undesirable, or "remote": If I should die before I wake, ..., If you ever should find yourself in a situation like that, ...
Construction of conditional sentences in English

In English, there are three formulas coinditional sentence. They are:

The first formula shows the possible outcomes of an event that may occur: If + Simple Present / Present Progressive + Simple Present / Present Progressive / Simple Future / Future Progressive / Imperatives

The second formula shows the possible results of an event that rarely happens:

If + Present Perfect / Present Perfect Progressive / preterite / Past Continuous + Conditional Present / Present Progressive Conditional

(In English and Canadian English: If + + subjunctively Conditional Present Imperfect / Conditional Progressive Present)

The third formula shows the possible outcomes of an event that does not happen, and therefore a missed opportunity: If + Pluperfect / Pluperfect Progressive + Conditional Perfect / Perfect Conditional Progressive

It is possible to reverse the order of the clause, however, protasis always have to follow the word "If" (eg "If + I missed the bus, + I'll be late to school" can be customized with: "I'll be late for school if + I + missed the bus. )


semantics of conditional sentences

material conditional operator used in logic (ie \ scriptstyle p \ Rightarrow q) is sometimes read in the form of a conditional sentence (ie "if p, then q"), an intuitive interpretation of a conditional statement in natural language are not always consistent with this definition math operators. Modeling the meaning of the report requires the definition of the real condition of the indicative conditional, and contrary-to-fact statements require counterfactual conditional operator, formalized in the logic of capital.